GATE CSE & IT

With respect to a TCP connection between a client and a server, which one of the following statements is true?

Which of the following statements is/are true with respect to the interaction of a web browser with a web server using HTTP 1.1?

Consider the implementation of sliding window protocol over a lossless link, with a window size of $W$ frames, where each frame is of size 1000 bits (including header). The bandwid...

An ISP having an address block 202.16.0.0/15 assigns a block of 6000 IP addresses to a client, using the classless internet domain routing (CIDR) super-netting approach. Which of t...

Which one of the following protocols may need to broadcast some of its messages?

If an IP network uses a subnet mask of 255.255 .240 .0 , the maximum number of IP addresses that can be assigned to network interfaces is $\_\_\_\_$ . (answer in integer)

Consider a new TCP connection between a sender and a receiver. The receiver advertised window is constant at 48 KB , the maximum segment size (MSS) is 2 KB , and the slow start thr...

It is necessary to design a link-layer protocol between two hosts that are directly connected over a lossless link of length 3000 kilometers. Assume that the link bandwidth is $10^...

Consider the transmission of data bits 110001011 over a link that uses Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) code for error detection. If the generator bit pattern is given to be 1001, whi...

A TCP sender successfully establishes a connection with a TCP receiver and starts the transmission of segments. The TCP congestion control mechanism's slow-start threshold is set t...

Consider a file of size 4 million bytes being transferred between two hosts connected via a path consisting of three consecutive links of bandwidth $2 \mathrm{Mbps}, 500 \mathrm{kb...

Identify the ONE CORRECT matching between the OSI layers and their corresponding functionalities as shown. OSI Layers Functionalities (a) Network layer (I) Packet routing (b) Trans...

A packet with the destination IP address 145.36.109.70 arrives at a router whose routing table is shown. Which interface will the packet be forwarded to? Subnet Address Subnet Mask...

Consider the 3-way handshaking protocol for TCP connection establishment. Let the three packets exchanged during the connection establishment be denoted as P1, P2 and P3, in order....

Consider the following statements : (i) Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) provides a mapping from an IP address to the corresponding hardware (link-layer) address. (ii) A single TC...

Consider the routing protocols given in List-I and the names given in List-II: List - I List - II (i) Distance vector routing (a) Bellman-Ford (ii) Link state routing (b) Dijkstra...

Suppose we are transmitting frames between two nodes using Stop-and-Wait protocol. The frame size is 3000 bits. The transmission rate of the channel is 2000 bps (bits/ second) and...

A machine receives an IPv4 datagram. The protocol field of the IPv4 header has the protocol number of a protocol X . Which ONE of the following is NOT a possible candidate for X ?

Consider a network that uses Ethernet and IPv4. Assume that IPv4 headers do not use any options field. Each Ethernet frame can carry a maximum of 1500 bytes in its data field. A UD...

A user starts browsing a webpage hosted at a remote server. The browser opens a single TCP connection to fetch the entire webpage from the server. The webpage consists of a top-lev...

TCP client P successfully establishes a connection to TCP server Q. Let $N_P$ denote the sequence number in the SYN sent from P to Q. Let $N_Q$ denote the acknowledgement number in...

Which of the following fields is/are modified in the IP header of a packet going out of a network address translation (NAT) device from an internal network to an external network?

Consider a network path P—Q—R between nodes P and R via router Q. Node P sends a file of size $10^6$ bytes to R via this path by splitting the file into chunks of $10^3$ bytes each...

Consider the entries shown below in the forwarding table of an IP router. Each entry consists of an IP prefix and the corresponding next hop router for packets whose destination IP...

Consider sending an IP datagram of size 1420 bytes (including 20 bytes of IP header) from a sender to a receiver over a path of two links with a router between them. The first link...

Node X has a TCP connection open to node Y. The packets from X to Y go through an intermediate IP router R. Ethernet switch S is the first switch on the network path between X and...

Which of the following statements about IPv4 fragmentation is/are TRUE?

Which of the following fields of an IP header is/are always modified by any router before it forwards the IP packet?

Which one of the following CIDR prefixes exactly represents the range of IP addresses 10.12.2.0 to 10.12.3.255?

Consider a TCP connection operating at a point of time with the congestion window of size 12 MSS (Maximum Segment Size), when a timeout occurs due to packet loss. Assuming that all...

Consider an Ethernet segment with a transmission speed of $10^8$ bits/sec and a maximum segment length of 500 meters. If the speed of propagation of the signal in the medium is $2...

Suppose two hosts are connected by a point-to-point link and they are configured to use Stop-end-Wait protocol for reliable data transfer. Identify in which one of the following sc...

Which of the following statements is/are INCORRECT about the OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) routing protocol used in the Internet?

Suppose you are asked to design a new reliable byte-stream transport protocol like TCP. This protocol, named myTCP, runs over a 100 Mbps network with Round Trip Time of 150 millise...

Suppose in a web browser, you click on the www.gate-2023.in URL. The browser cache is empty. The IP address for this URL is not cached in your local host, so a DNS lookup is trigge...

The forwarding table of a router is shown below. Subnet Number Subnet Mask Interface ID 200.150.0.0 255.255.0.0 1 200.150.64.0 255.255.224.0 2 200.150.68.0 255.255.255.0 3 200.150....

Consider the resolution of the domain name www.gate.org.in by a DNS resolver. Assume that no resource records are cached anywhere across the DNS servers and that iterative query me...

Consider routing table of an organization's router shown below : Subnet number Subnet mask Next hop 12.20.164.0 255.255.252.0 R1 12.20.170.0 255.255.254.0 R2 12.20.168.0 255.255.25...

Consider a 100 Mbps link between an earth station (sender) and a satellite (receiver) at an altitude of 2100 km. The signal propagates at a speed of 3 $$\times$$ 10 8 m/s. The time...

Consider the data transfer using TCP over a 1 Gbps link. Assuming that the maximum segment lifetime (MSL) is set to 60 seconds, the minimum number of bits required for the sequence...

Assume that a 12-bit Hamming codeword consisting of 8-bit data and 4 check bits is d 8 d 7 d 6 d 5 c 8 d 4 d 3 d 2 c 4 d 1 c 2 c 1 , where the data bits and the check bits are give...

Consider the sliding window flow-control protocol operating between a sender and a receiver over a full-duplex error-free link. Assume the following: 1. The time taken for processi...

A TCP server application is programmed to listen on port number P on host S. A TCP client connected to the TCP server over the network. Consider that while the TCP connection was a...

Consider two hosts P and Q connected through a router R. The maximum transfer unit (MTU) value of the link between P and R is 1500 bytes, and between R and Q is 820 bytes. A TCP se...

Consider the following two statements. S 1 : Destination MAC address of an ARP reply is a broadcast address. S 2 : Destination MAC address of an ARP request is a broadcast address....

Consider the three-way handshake mechanism followed during TCP connection establishment between hosts P and Q. Let X and Y be two random 32-bit starting sequence numbers chosen by...

Consider the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) based error detecting scheme having the generator polynomial X 3 + X + 1. Suppose the message m 4 m 3 m 2 m 1 m 0 = 11000 is to be transm...

Assume that you have made a request for a web page through your web browser to a web server. Initially the browser cache is empty. Further, the browser is configured to send HTTP r...

Consider a TCP connection between a client and a server with the following specifications: the round trip time is 6 ms, the size of the receiver advertised window is 50 KB, slow st...

Consider the following statements about the functionality of an IP based router. I. A router does not modify the IP packets during forwarding. II. It is not necessary for a router...

An organization requires a range of IP addresses to assign one to each of its 1500 computers. The organization has approached an Internet Service Provider (ISP) for this task. The...

The value of 3 51 mod 5 is_________.

Which of the following protocol pairs can be used to send and retrieve e-mails (in that order)?

Consider that 15 machines need to be connected in a LAN using 8-port Ethernet switches. Assume that these switches do not have any separate uplink ports. The minimum number of swit...

Consider three machines M, N, and P with IP addresses 100.10.5.2, 100.10.5.5, and 100.10.5.6 respectively. The subnet mask is set to 255.255 .255 .252 for all the three machines. W...

Suppose that in an IP-over-Ethernet network, a machine X wishes to find the MAC address of another machine Y in its subnet. Which one of the following techniques can be used for th...

In an RSA cryptosystem, the value of the public modulus parameter n is 3007. If it is also known that $$\varphi $$(n) = 2880, where $$\varphi $$() denotes Euler's Totient Function,...

Match the following Field Length in bits P. UDP Header’s Port Number I. 48 Q. Ethernet MAC Address II. 8 R. IPv6 Next Header III. 32 S. TCP Header’s Sequence Number IV. 16

Consider a simple communication system where multiple nodes are connected by a shared broadcast medium (like Ethernet or wireless). The nodes in the system use the following carrie...

Consider the following statements regarding the slow start phase of the $$TCP$$ congestion control algorithm. Note that $$cwnd$$ stands for the $$TCP$$ congestion window and $$MSS$...

Consider an $$IP$$ packet with a length of $$4,500$$ bytes that includes a $$20$$-byte $$IPv$$$$4$$ header and a $$40$$-byte $$TCP$$ header. The packet is forwarded to an $$IPv4$$...

Consider a long-lived $$TCP$$ session with an end-to-end bandwidth of $$1$$ $$Gbps$$ ($$ = {10^9}\,$$ bits-persecond). The session starts with a sequence number of $$1234.$$ The mi...

A sender S sends a message m to receiver R, which is digitally signed by S with its private key. In this scenario, one or more of the following security violations can take place....

Anarkali digitally signs a message and sends it to Salim. Verification of the signature by Salim requires

Consider that B wants to send a message m that is digitally signed to A. Let the pair of private and public keys for A and B be denoted by $$K_x^ - $$ and $$K_x^ + $$ for x = A, B,...

Consider a 128 × 10 3 bits/second satellite communication link with one way propagation delay of 150 milliseconds. Selective retransmission (repeat) protocol is used on this link t...

An IP datagram of size 1000 bytes arrives at a router. The router has to forward this packet on a link whose MTU (maximum transmission unit) is 100 bytes. Assume that the size of t...

For the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol for wireless communication, which of the following statements is/are TRUE? I. At least three non-overlapping channels are available for transmissio...

A sender uses the Stop-and-Wait ARQ protocol for reliable transmission of frames. Frames are of size 1000 bytes and the transmission rate at the sender is 80 Kbps (1Kbps = 1000 bit...

In an Ethernet local area network, which one of the following statements is TRUE?

Which one of the following protocols is NOT used to resolve one form of address to another one?

Which of the following is/are example(s) of stateful application layer protocols? (i) HTTP (ii) FTP (iii) TCP (iv) POP3

Identify the correct sequence in which the following packets are transmitted on the network by a host when a browser requests a webpage from a remote server, assuming that the host...

For a host machine that uses the token bucket algorithm for congestion control, the token bucket has a capacity of 1 megabyte and the maximum output rate is 20 megabytes per second...

A network has a data transmission bandwidth of 20 × 10 6 bits per second. It uses CSMA/CD in the MAC layer. The maximum signal propagation time from one node to another node is 40...

Consider a network connected two systems located 8000 kilometers apart. The bandwidth of the network is 500 × 10 6 bits per second. The propagation speed of the media is 4 × 10 6 m...

Suppose two hosts use a TCP connection to transfer a large file. Which of the following statements is/are FALSE with respect to the TCP connection? I. If the sequence number of a s...

Consider the following statements. I. TCP connections are full duplex II. TCP has no option for selective acknowledgment III. TCP connections are message streams

Assume that the bandwidth for a TCP connection is 1048560 bits/sec. Let $$\alpha $$ be the value of RTT in milliseconds(rounded off to the nearest integer) after which the TCP wind...

Suppose that the stop-and-wait protocol is used on a link with a bit rate of 64 kilobits per second and 20 milliseconds propagation delay. Assume that the transmission time for the...