Thermodynamics

The plot shows three different paths (1, 2, and 3) connecting the initial equilibrium state X to the final equilibrium state Y in a thermodynamic process. Which of the following st...

The equilibrium vacancy concentration in aluminum at 900 K is 1.1 x 10⁻⁴. The enthalpy of formation of vacancies, in kJ.mol⁻¹, is ________ (rounded off to one decimal place). Given...

Match the Thermodynamic laws in Column I with the description given in Column II Column I P Zeroth law Q First law R Second law S Third law Column II 1 Entropy of a perfect crystal...

Consider any substance whose mass specific heat capacity at constant pressure and mass specific heat capacity at constant volume are $c_p$ and $c_v$, respectively. If the gas const...

Consider a mixture of ideal gases, nitrogen (N2) and carbon-dioxide (CO2), at 25 °C and 101 kPa. The molar mass of N2 is 28 kg/kmol and molar mass of CO2 is 44 kg/kmol. If the mola...

In a mixing chamber hot water enters at a temperature of 80 °C with a flowrate of 0.5 kg/s. From another entry, cold water enters the chamber at 20 °C. The desired temperature afte...

Which ONE of the following statements is CORRECT?

A mixture of carbon-dioxide (CO2), nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2) are introduced in a rigid and impermeable tank containing only liquid water (H2O). Assume that the components are n...

A stream of moist air at 101 kPa and 25 °C undergoes a constant pressure process such that its dry bulb temperature increases and specific humidity decreases. For this process, whi...

Which of the following is/are example(s) of a pure substance at 25 °C and 101 kPa?

A house looses heat at a rate of 150 MJ per hour. The temperature outside the house is -3 °C. The minimum power (in kW) required to maintain the temperature inside the house at 25...

Consider an ideal Otto-cycle with cold-air-standard assumptions to be applicable. The temperature of the working fluid at the start and the end of the compression process is 300 K...

Consider a real gas, which obeys the following equation-of-state: v = RT/P + C1 - C2/(Pv), where v is the mass specific volume, P is the pressure, T is the temperature and R is the...

M kg of a liquid at a temperature T₁ is mixed with M kg of the same liquid at another temperature T₂ in an isolated tank at constant pressure. The mass specific heat capacity at co...

A fluid undergoes a process where its pressure (P), temperature (T) and volume (V) changes from $(P_1,T_1,V_1)$ to $(P_2, T_2, V_2)$. During the process, volume expansivity ($\beta...

Consider an ideal Rankine cycle with fixed conditions at the turbine inlet. If the condenser pressure is lowered, which of the following statements is/are CORRECT?

An adiabatic rigid and impermeable tank of volume 10 m³ contains air at 800 kPa and 70 °C. The air is allowed to leave the tank until the pressure is one-fourth of its original val...

Two kg of a gas is compressed in a process. Pressure (P) and mass specific volume (v) of the gas during the process follows: Pv^1.2 = constant. The temperature of the gas before an...

Consider a single component fluid at saturation conditions having the following properties. Latent heat of vaporization, $h_{fg} =39.6\times10^3$ kJ/kmol Compressibility factor for...

It is given that: $(\frac{\partial h}{\partial T})_P = c_p$ and $(\frac{\partial h}{\partial P})_T = (v - \beta Tv)$. Here $h$ is the mass specific enthalpy, $v$ is the mass specif...

A stream of moist air enters an adiabatic saturator at 45 °C and 101 kPa and leaves as a saturated mixture at 30 °C. Make-up water to the saturator is supplied at 30 °C. The amount...

A rigid spherical solid ball at 1000 °C is cooled slowly to 200 °C in a surrounding air at 25 °C. The density, specific heat capacity, and diameter of the ball are 8000 kg/m³, 500...

Consider an ideal Diesel-cycle with cold-air-standard assumptions to be applicable. The compression ratio is 20 and the cut-off ratio is 1.8. At the end of the compression process,...

A mixture of helium (He) and nitrogen (N2) expands in a turbine from 800 kPa to 100 kPa. The mixture composition is 40% He and 60% N2 by mass. The turbine inlet temperature is 1000...

A rigid and impermeable tank has only moist air with a specific humidity of 0.025 kgwater-vapor/kgdry-air at 30 °C and 101 kPa. The air is heated to 90 °C. Assume moist air to beha...