normalization
GATE CSE & IT · Normalization · 1994-2026
Study anchor
Korth — Database System Concepts
Relational model, SQL, normalization, transactions
Practice action
Start latest PYQPYQs in this concept
All concepts →In the context of relational database normalization, which of the following statements is/ are true?
Consider the following relational schema along with all the functional dependencies that hold on them. R1(A, B, C, D, E): { D → E, EA → B, EB → C} R2(A, B, C, D): { A → D, A → B, C...
Consider a relational schema team (name, city, owner), with functional dependencies {name → city, name → owner}. The relation team is decomposed into two relations, t1(name, city)...
Consider a relational schema team(name, city, owner), with functional dependencies \{name $\rightarrow$ city, name $\rightarrow$ owner}. The relation team is decomposed into two re...
Consider the following relational schema along with all the functional dependencies that hold on them. $$\begin{aligned} & R 1(A, B, C, D, E):\{D \rightarrow E, E A \rightarrow B,...
Which of the following statements about a relation R in first normal form (1NF) is/are TRUE ?
Which of the following statements about a relation $R$ in first normal form (1NF) is/are TRUE?
In a relational data model, which one of the following statements is TRUE?
Let the set of functional dependencies F = {QR → S, R → P, S → Q} hold on a relation schema X = (PQRS). X is not in BCNF. Suppose X is decomposed into two schemas Y and Z, where Y...
A database of research articles in a journal uses the following schema. (VOLUME, NUMBER, STARTPAGE, ENDPAGE, TITLE, YEAR, PRICE) The primary key is (VOLUME, NUMBER, STARTPAGE, ENDP...
Given the following two statements: $$S1:$$ Every table with two single-valued attributes is in $$1NF, 2NF, 3NF$$ and $$BCNF.$$ $$S2:$$ $$AB \to C,\,\,D \to E,\,\,E \to C$$ is a mi...
A prime attribute of a relation scheme $$R$$ is an attribute that appears
Relation $$R$$ has eight attribution $$ABCDEFGH.$$ Fields of $$R$$ contain only atomic values. $$F = \left\{ {CH \to G,\,\,A \to BC,\,B \to CFH,\,\,E \to A,\,\,F \to EG} \right\}$$...
Which of the following is TRUE?
Consider the following relational schemes for a library database. Book ( Title, Author, Catalog_ no, Publisher, Year, Pr ice ) Collection ( Title, Author, Catalog no ) With in the...
Let $$R\left( {A,\,B,\,C,\,D,E,P,G} \right)$$ be a relational schema in which the following functional dependencies are known to hold: $$AB \to CD,\,\,DE \to P,\,\,C \to E.\,\,P \t...
Which one of the following statements if FALSE?
A table has fields, $$F1, F2, F3, F4, F5,$$ with the following functional dependencies: $$F1 \to F3.\,F2 \to F4.\,\,\,\left( {F1\,.\,F2} \right) \to F5$$ in terms of Normalization,...
Which one of the following statements about normal forms is FALSE?
The relation scheme student Performance (Name, CourseNo, RollNo, Grade) has the following functional dependencies: Name, courseNo $$\,\, \to \,\,$$ grade RollNo, courseNo $$\,\, \t...
A relation Empdt $$1$$ is defined with attributes empcode (unique), name, street, city, state and pincode. For any pincode, there is only one city and state. Also, for any given st...
Consider the following functional dependencies in a database. $$\eqalign{ & \,\,\,\,Date\,\,of\,\,Birth\,\, \to \,\,Age \cr & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,Ag...
Relation $$R$$ with an associated set of functional dependencies, $$F,$$ is decomposed into $$BCNF.$$ The redundancy (arising out of functional dependencies) in the resulting set o...
Relation $$R$$ is decomposed using a set of functional dependencies, $$F,$$ and relation $$S$$ is decomposed using another set of functional dependencies, $$G.$$ One decomposition...
Consider a schema $$R(A,B,C,D)$$ and functional dependencies $$A \to B\,\,$$ and $$C \to D\,\,$$. Then the decomposition of $$R$$ into $${R_1}\left( {AB} \right)$$ and $${R_2}\left...
Consider the schema $$R = \left( {S\,\,T\,\,U\,\,V} \right)$$ and the dependencies $$S \to T,\,\,T \to U,\,\,U \to V$$ and $$V \to S$$ let $$R =$$ $$(R1$$ and $$R2)$$ be a decompos...
Which normal form is considered adequate for normal relational database design?
Consider the following database relations containing the attributes Book–id Subject–Category–of–book Name–of–Author Nationality–of–Author With book–id as the primary key. (a) What...
Consider the following database relations containing the attributes Book–id Subject–Category–of–book Name–of–Author Nationality–of–Author With book–id as the primary key. (a) What...
For a database relation $$R(a,b,c,d),$$ where the domains of $$a, b, c, d$$ include only atomic values, only the following functional dependencies and those that can be inferred fr...
(a) Consider the relation scheme $$R(A, B, C)$$ with the following functional dependencies: $$\eqalign{ & A,B \to C \cr & \,\,\,\,\,\,C \to A \cr} $$ Show that the scheme $$R$$ is...
State True or False with reason. There is always a decomposition into Boyce-codd normal form $$(BCNF)$$ that is lossless and dependency preserving.