water quality
GATE Civil Engineering · Environmental Engineering - Water Quality · 1997-2026
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All concepts →The analysis of major cations and anions in a water sample collected from a city's water supply is given below. Ions present in minor concentrations are not given. Anions Cl- SO4^2...
MgCl2 and CaSO4 salts are added to 1 litre of distilled deionized water and mixed until completely dissolved. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) concentration is 500 mg/l, and Total Hard...
A compound has a general formula C_aH_bO_cN_d and molecular weight 187. A 935 mg/l solution of the compound is prepared in distilled deionized water. The Total Organic Carbon (TOC)...
The analyses results of a water sample are given below. The non-carbonate hardness of the water (in mg/L) as CaCO3 is _________ (in integer). Ca2+ = 150 mg/L as CaCO3 Mg2+ = 40 mg/...
The analyses results of a water sample are given below. The non-carbonate hardness of the water (in $\mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{L}$ ) as $\mathrm{CaCO}_3$ is __________ (in integer). $$...
A system of seven river segments is shown in the schematic diagram. The Rᵢ's, Qᵢ's, and Cᵢ's (i = 1 to 7) are the river segments, their corresponding flow rates, and concentrations...
Identify the waterborne diseases caused by viral pathogens:
In the context of water and wastewater treatments, the correct statements are:
Henry's law constant for transferring O2 from air into water, at room temperature, is $1.3 \frac{mmol}{liter-atm}$. Given that the partial pressure of O2 in the atmosphere is 0.21...
In a water sample, the concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+ and HCO3- are 100 mg/L, 36 mg/L and 122 mg/L, respectively. The atomic masses of various elements are: Ca = 40, Mg = 24, H = 1,...
A 2% sewage sample (in distilled water) was incubated for 3 days at 27 °C temperature. After incubation, a dissolved oxygen depletion of 10 mg/L was recorded. The biochemical oxyge...
The total hardness in raw water is 500 milligram per liter as CaCO 3 . The total hardness of this raw water, expressed in milligram equivalent per liter, is (Consider the atomic we...
In a water sample, the concentrations of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and HCO$$_3^ - $$ are 100 mg/L, 36 mg/L and 122 mg/L, respectively. The atomic masses of various elements are : Ca = 40, Mg =...
A 100 mg of HNO 3 (strong acid) is added to water, bringing the final volume to 1.0 liter. Consider the atomic weights of H, N, and O, as 1 g/mol. 14 g mol. and 16 g/mol, respectiv...
A water sample is analyzed for coliform organisms by the multiple-tube fermentation method. The results of confirmed test are as follows: Sample size (mL) 0.01 0.001 0.0001 Number...
A river has a flow of 1000 million litres per day (MLD), BOD₅ of 5 mg/litre and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) level of 8 mg/litre before receiving the wastewater discharge at a location. F...
Analysis of a water sample revealed that the sample contains the following species. CO3^2-, Na+, H+, PO4^3-, Al3+, H2CO3, Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-, Fe2+, OH- Concentrations of which...
A water sample analysis data is given below. Ion Concentration, mg/L Atomic Weight Ca²⁺ 60 40 Mg²⁺ 30 24.31 HCO₃⁻ 400 61 The carbonate hardness (expressed as mg/L of CaCO₃, up to o...
A groundwater sample was found to contain 500 mg/L total dissolved solids (TDS). TDS (in %) present in the sample is ________.
Some of the nontoxic metals normally found in natural water are
A water sample has a pH of 9.25. The concentration of hydroxyl ions in the water sample is
Ion concentrations obtained for a groundwater sample (having pH=8.1) are given below. Ion $$Ca^{2+}$$ $$Mg^{2+}$$ $$Na^+$$ $$HCO_3^-$$ $$SO_4^{2-}$$ $$Cl^{-}$$ Ionconcentration(mg/...
Ion concentrations obtained for a groundwater sample (having pH=8.1) are given below. Ion $$Ca^{2+}$$ $$Mg^{2+}$$ $$Na^+$$ $$HCO_3^-$$ $$SO_4^{2-}$$ $$Cl^{-}$$ Ionconcentration(mg/...
The presence of hardness in excess of permissible limit causes
The alkalinity and the hardness of a water sample are 250 mg/L and 350 mg/L as $$CaCo_3$$, respectively. The water has
1 TCU is equivalent to color produced by
If tomato juice is having a pH of 4.1, the hydrogen ion concentration will be
Most of the turbidity meters work on the scattering principle. The turbidity value obtained is expressed in
In natural water, hardness is mainly caused by
Two Samples of Water A and B have pH values of a 4.4 and 6.4 respectively. How many times more acidic sample A is than sample B
Temporary hardness in water is caused by the presence of
The microbial quality of treated piped water supplies is monitored by
Alkalinity of water can be defined correctly in one of the following ways
MPN index is measure of one of the following: