hydrology

The probability (in %) that a storm having return period of 15 years may occur in the next 10 years is ________ (rounded off to two decimal places).

Types of flood routing and methods are given in the table below. Column 1 Type of Flood Routing (P) Hydrologic routing (Q) Hydraulic routing (R) Reservoir routing (S) Channel routi...

A bridge with an expected life of 50 years is designed for a flood of 10000 m³/s corresponding to the return period of 100 years. The risk associated with this design is ________ (...

To derive the total flood hydrograph at a catchment outlet from an isolated storm, the order in which the following methods are applied, from the first method to the last method, i...

The mean rainfall over a catchment has to be estimated. The data for four rain gauges located in and around the catchment is listed in the table. Which one of the following stateme...

The peak of flood hydrograph due to a 3-hour duration storm in a catchment is 180 m³/s. The total rainfall depth is 6.6 cm. It can be assumed that the average infiltration loss is...

A symmetrical trapezoidal canal is 100 km long. The bottom width is 10 m and the side slope is 1 Horizontal : 1 Vertical. The average flow depth in the canal is 2.5 m throughout th...

A water resources project with an expected life of 25 years has to be designed for an acceptable risk of $5 \%$ against a design flood. The return period for the design flood (in y...

A symmetrical trapezoidal canal is 100 km long. The bottom width is 10 m and the side slope is 1 Horizontal : 1 Vertical. The average flow depth in the canal is 2.5 m throughout th...

A storm with a recorded precipitation of 11.0 cm, as shown in the table, produced a direct run-off of 6.0 cm. Time from start (hours): 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Recorded cumulative pr...

The ordinates of a 1-hour unit hydrograph (UH) are given below. Time (hours): 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 Ordinates of 1-hour UH (m³/s): 0, 13, 50, 80, 95, 85, 55, 35, 15,...

The ordinates of a 1-hour unit hydrograph (UH) are given below. Time (hours) 0 1 2 3 4 5 Ordinates of 1-hour UH (m 3 /s) 0 13 50 80 95 85 Time (hours) 6 7 8 9 10 11 Ordinates of 1-...

Which one of the following options provides the correct match of the terms listed in Column-1 and Column-2? Column-1 P: Horton equation Q: Muskingum method R: Penman method Column-...

The ordinates of a one-hour unit hydrograph for a catchment are given below: | t (hour) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | Q (m³/s) | 0 | 9 |...

A 12-hour storm occurs over a catchment and results in a direct runoff depth of 100 mm. The time-distribution of the rainfall intensity is shown in the figure (not to scale). The $...

In Horton's equation fitted to the infiltration data for a soil, the initial infiltration capacity is 10 mm/h; final infiltration capacity is 5 mm/h; and the exponential decay cons...

A catchment may be idealized as a circle of radius 30 km. There are five rain gauges, one at the center of the catchment and four on the boundary (equi-spaced), as shown in the fig...

The cross-section of a small river is sub-divided into seven segments of width 1.5 m each. The average depth, and velocity at different depths were measured during a field campaign...

The ordinates of a one-hour unit hydrograph for a catchment are given below: $$ \begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|} \hline t(\text { hour }) & 0 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 \\ \hlin...

A flood control structure having an expected life of n years is designed by considering a flood of return period T years. When T = n, and n → ∞, the structure's hydrologic risk of...

A two-hour duration storm event with uniform excess rainfall of 3 cm occurred on a watershed. The ordinates of streamflow hydrograph resulting from this event are given in the tabl...

A 12-hour unit hydrograph (of 1 cm excess rainfall) of a catchment is of a triangular shape with a base width of 144 hour and a peak discharge of 23 m³/s. The area of the catchment...

The hyetograph in the figure corresponds to a rainfall event of 3 cm. If the rainfall event has produced a direct runoff of 1.6 cm, the φ-index of the event (in mm/hour, round off...

The probability that a 50 year flood may NOT occur at all during 25 years life of a project (round off to two decimal places), is _________.

The probability that the annual maximum flood discharge will exceed 25000 m³/s, at least once in next 5 years is found to be 0.25. The return period of this flood event (in years,...

The hyetograph of a storm event of duration 140 minutes is shown in the figure. The infiltration capacity at the start of this event (t = 0) is 17 mm/hour, which linearly decreases...

The ordinates, u, of a 2-hour unit hydrograph (i.e., for 1 cm of effective rain), for a catchment are shown in the table. A 6-hour storm occurs over the catchment such that the eff...

During a storm event in a certain period, the rainfall intensity is 3.5 cm/hour and the Φ-index is 1.5 cm/hour. The intensity of effective rainfall (in cm/hour, up to one decimal p...

The ordinates of a 2-hour unit hydrograph for a catchment are given as Time (h) 0 1 2 3 4 Ordinate (m³/s) 0 5 12 25 41 The ordinate (in m³/s) of a 4-hour unit hydrograph for this c...

For routing of flood in a given channel using the Muskingum method, two of the routing coefficients are estimated as C₀ = -0.25 and C₁ = 0.55. The value of the third coefficient C₂...

The total rainfall in a catchment of area 1000 km², during a 6 h storm, is 19 cm. The surface runoff due to this storm computed from triangular direct runoff hydrograph is 1×10⁸ m³...

Rainfall depth over a watershed is monitored through six number of well distributed rain gauges. Gauged data are given below Rain Gauge Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 Rainfall Depth (mm) 470 4...

The infiltration rate f in a basin under ponding condition is given by f = 30+10e⁻²ᵗ, where, f is in mm/h and t is time in hour. Total depth of infiltration (in mm, up to one decim...

An effective rainfall of 2-hour duration produced a flood hydrograph peak of 200 m³/s. The flood hydrograph has a base flow of 20 m³/s. If the spatial average rainfall in the water...

A 1-hour rainfall of 10 cm has a return period of 50 years. The probability that 1 hour of rainfall 10 cm or more will occur in each of two successive years is

The ratio of actual evapo-transpiration to potential evapo-transpiration is in the range

During a 6-hour storm the rainfall intensity was 0.8 cm/hr on a catchment of area 8.6 km 2 . The measured runoff volume during this period was 2,56,000 m 3 . The total rainfall was...

Hyetograph is a graph representing