Hardness

MgCl2 and CaSO4 salts are added to 1 litre of distilled deionized water and mixed until completely dissolved. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) concentration is 500 mg/l, and Total Hard...

The analyses results of a water sample are given below. The non-carbonate hardness of the water (in mg/L) as CaCO3 is _________ (in integer). Ca2+ = 150 mg/L as CaCO3 Mg2+ = 40 mg/...

The analyses results of a water sample are given below. The non-carbonate hardness of the water (in $\mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{L}$ ) as $\mathrm{CaCO}_3$ is __________ (in integer). $$...

In the context of water and wastewater treatments, the correct statements are:

In the context of water and wastewater treatments, the correct statements are:

A water sample analysis data is given below. Ion Concentration, mg/L Atomic Weight Ca²⁺ 60 40 Mg²⁺ 30 24.31 HCO₃⁻ 400 61 The carbonate hardness (expressed as mg/L of CaCO₃, up to o...

The hardness of a ground water sample was found to be 420 mg/L as $$CaCO_3$$. A softener containing ion exchange resins was installed to reduce the total hardness to 75 mg/L as $$C...

Ion concentrations obtained for a groundwater sample (having pH=8.1) are given below. Ion $$Ca^{2+}$$ $$Mg^{2+}$$ $$Na^+$$ $$HCO_3^-$$ $$SO_4^{2-}$$ $$Cl^{-}$$ Ionconcentration(mg/...

The presence of hardness in excess of permissible limit causes

The alkalinity and the hardness of a water sample are 250 mg/L and 350 mg/L as $$CaCo_3$$, respectively. The water has

In natural water, hardness is mainly caused by

Temporary hardness in water is caused by the presence of